Principles of Management

Decision making is a cognitive process of selecting a course of action from multiple alternatives to achieve a desired goal […]

Decentralization refers to the process of redistributing or delegating decision-making power from a central authority to lower levels of an

Centralization refers to the systematic concentration of decision-making authority and control within a specific location, individual, or governing body in

The concepts of centralization and decentralization of authority are fundamental to organizational management and governance. These terms describe the distribution

Delegation of authority is the process by which a manager or leader transfers responsibility and decision-making power to subordinates, while

The concept of span of control refers to the number of subordinates or employees a manager or supervisor can effectively

Organizational structure refers to the system used to define a hierarchy within an organization. It outlines the roles, responsibilities, communication

Organizing is a fundamental managerial function that involves arranging and structuring resources and activities to achieve organizational goals effectively and

Planning is a systematic approach to achieving goals and objectives. It involves the identification of resources, outlining steps, and anticipating